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Luzula hawaiiensis

Buchenau (1879)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Poales Family: Juncaceae Genus: Luzula

wood rush

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Strongly to weakly cespitose perennial herbs.

Stems: Stems erect, inconspicuously striate, 0.8–70 dm long.

Roots: Fibrous root system.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Primarily basal, 1–2(3) per stem. Blades linear, 5–30 cm long, 1–10 mm wide. Apex mucronate. Margins densely pubescent, especially when young, often glabrate with age. Petioles absent. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (2)3–8(–10) in subglobose glomerules subtended by papery or scarious bracts, forming cymose, terminal inflorescences, sometimes with a smaller, lateral inflorescence at the next lower node in the axil of a single foliar bract 4–15 cm long, bracts subtending inflorescence 1–4, foliaceous, 2–10 cm long, shorter than, equaling, or slightly longer than inflorescence, each flower subtended by 2–3(4) acuminate bracteoles with laciniate to subentire margins. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Perianth parts pale yellowish brown to dark brown, linear, subulate, margins narrow, hyaline, outer ones 2.5–4.5 mm long, inner ones 2–3.5 mm long; stamens shorter than perianth. Stamens 6; anthers equaling or longer than filaments. Pollen grains remaining in tetrads, surrounded by a common exine. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled, placentation basal; ovules 3, anatropous; styles about as long as ovary.

Fruit: Capsules pale brown to reddish brown; glossy; trigonous; oblong or ovoid; shorter than perianth. Seeds red to dark brown; ellipsoid to ovoid; 1–2 mm long; surfaces rugulose; often with white micropylar caruncle and conical protuberance at apex.

Ploidy: 2n = 14*; 24* (H); 16* (O); 38*; 42* (K)

Habitat: Occurring in open or rocky sites; slopes; cliffs; and ridges; and open areas in mesic forest and shrubland; also in subalpine forest; shrubland; and grassland.

Elevation Range: 730–2,560 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Endemic
Molokai Endemic
Lana'i Endemic
Maui Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Krit. Verz. Juncac.: 85 (1879)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Luzula hawaiiensis camp 10 rd., just past waineke swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, w. n. takeuchi & c. imada 6043 Kauai US 4/9/1988
2 Luzula hawaiiensis eastern outer slope of haleakala, 2 mi nw of paliku cabins PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. vogl, r. collector number: 3562 Maui US 6/19/1969
3 Luzula hawaiiensis kokee state park, kaluapuhi trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, s. w. miller, b. peterson, g. peterson & t. w. flynn 5123 Kauai US 12/20/1983
4 Luzula hawaiiensis W Maui, Hanaula, Wailuku Dist PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Hobdy, R.; Perlman, S. P. 2742 Maui US 9/14/1993
5 Luzula hawaiiensis Kokee State Park, Kaluapuhi Trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Miller, S. W.; Peterson, B.; Peterson, G.; Flynn, T. W. 5123 Kauai US 12/20/1983
6 Luzula hawaiiensis East Maui, Ainahou area of Koolau Gap in Metrosideros wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood, S. P. Perlman & J. Lau 6609 Maui US 8/13/1997
7 Luzula hawaiiensis Camp 10 Rd., just past Waineke Swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Takeuchi, W. N.; Imada, C. T. 6043 Kauai US 4/9/1988
8 Luzula hawaiiensis kohua ridge. n facing slope Metrosideros-Cheirodendron forest. Closed canopy. Dianella and Ghania in understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN trauernicht, c. collector number: 458 Kauai BISH 4/17/2008
9 Luzula hawaiiensis Saddle Road (Highway 200), kipuka across road from Kipuka Ainahou, at 28.8 miles SSE of junction with Highway 190. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 5515 Hawaii PTBG 8/7/1987
10 Luzula hawaiiensis end of camp 10 road, on plateau above parking area, just below circle bog, on ridge down to waikoale stream Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron ?Wet Montane riparian zone. W/ Psychotria, Syzygium, Leptecophylla, Melicope clusiifolia, Elaeocarpus, Dianella sandwicensis, Scaevola, Broussaisia, Alyxia, Coprosma, Tetraplasandra, Asplenium contiguum, A. normale, Dubautia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tangalin, n. wood, k.r. collector number: 2419 Kauai BISH 10/8/2010
11 Luzula hawaiiensis below kamoku PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 6147 Molokai BISH 3/1/1910
12 Luzula hawaiiensis puu o kaeha Wet woods PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. baker, r.j.; coulter, j.w.; fosberg, f.r.; yuncker, t.g. collector number: 12506 Molokai BISH 12/23/1932
13 Luzula hawaiiensis e. maui, kula forest reserve, along skyline road, s of puu keokea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. oppenheimer, h. collector number: 13702 Kauai BISH 4/22/2009
14 Luzula hawaiiensis east maui, e hanawi In dense forest, on rocks on a steep slope. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. et al. collector number: 3821 Maui BISH 6/22/1995
15 Luzula hawaiiensis West Maui, Lahaina District, Lihau Natural Area Reserve, SE side of planeze near Olowalu Valley locally grown on open, sunny ridgetop Metrosideros, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Coprosma, Myrsine, Dicranopteris, Polypodium, Sphenomeris, Trisetum, Dianella, Carex, Andropogon, Epidendron, Conyza, Senecio. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. 31307 Maui BISH 3/13/2013
16 Luzula hawaiiensis drive about 200 meters down hilina pali road from intersection with chain of craters road. plant was about 20 meters west (right side) of road. (plot 1) Metrosideros - native shrub - Andropogon community PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. collector number: 415 Hawaii BISH 8/15/1966
17 Luzula hawaiiensis PRESERVED_SPECIMEN L M Cranwell|O Selling|C Skottsburg AK 7/24/1938
18 Luzula hawaiiensis waiakuilani gulch Metrosideros, Leptecophylla, Lipochaeta rockii, Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, Nestegis sandwicensis, Spermolepis hawaiiensis, Nesoluma polynesicum, Pouteria sandwicensis, Coprosma foliosa, Melinis minutiflora, Anthoxanthum, Ageratina riparia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. oppenheimer, h. collector number: 20428 Molokai BISH 6/7/2007
19 Luzula hawaiiensis western piinaau headwaters. Subalpine shrubland associated with Metrosideros montane mesic forest and montane wet forest. Dominated by Lycopodium venustulum and Oreobolus furcatus, with Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Vaccinium reticulatum, Sadleria cyatheoides, Coprosma montana, C. ernodioides, Pteridium decompositum, Rubus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wood, k.r. oppenheimer, h.; bily, p. collector number: 14252 Maui BISH 6/10/2010
20 Luzula hawaiiensis waimea district below kaluahaula ridge, above kawaiiiki valley, below trail about 30ft. and west of the diellia erecta fence. Diverse Mesic Forest Metrosideros - Acacia koa canopy, with Comprosma, Dodonea, and Dubautia, Kadua affinis, in midstory, ground w/ 60% moss, and 20% Dianella, rest Schidea viscosa, Doodia and open soil/leaf litter. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN tangalin, n. kishida, w. collector number: 3102 Kauai BISH 4/13/2012
21 Luzula hawaiiensis Waimea District. Kuia NAR, Kuia Valley, accessed from Nuololo Trail on N facing slope. Metrosideros-Acacia Mesic Forest W/ Melicope barbigera, Lysimachia, Isodendrion laurifolium, Neraudia kauaiensis, Pipturus, Dodonaea, Boehmeria grandis, Sideroxylon, Poa manni, Carex meyenii, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Xylosma, Streblus PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tangalin, N. 2080 Kauai BISH 7/1/2009
22 Luzula hawaiiensis w maui, lahaina district, lihau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN welton, p. haus, b. collector number: 915 Oahu BISH 7/9/1991
23 Luzula hawaiiensis pelekunu valley, tnc preserve survey, transect 10, from pepeopae to kaunuohua, along papaala pali In Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet forest with Athyrium sandwichianum, Cyrtandra, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Clermontia, Cyanea, Eurya, Hedyotis terminalis, Ilex, Melicope, Plantago, Labordia, Stenogyne, Wikstroemia, many ferns PRESERVED_SPECIMEN perlman, s.p. abbott, l.; misaki, e.; hill, b. collector number: 10410 Molokai BISH 3/31/1989
24 Luzula hawaiiensis hill mauka of olinda on way to haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN degener, o. 17584 CM 6/15/1927
25 Luzula hawaiiensis Maui, road to Haleakalae Roadside in disturbed area adjacent to ephemeral creek. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN B.A. Bennett; R.S. Mulder 07-0329 Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria 11/22/2007
26 Luzula hawaiiensis West Maui NAR Survey, Honokowai section, along Puu Kukui trail, transect 9, near rain gauge at Nakalalu. In Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 10590 Maui PTBG 4/12/1988
27 Luzula hawaiiensis mauna kapu, honouliuli-nanakuli divide, waianae mts, PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 13790 NY 5/2/1937
28 Luzula hawaiiensis along pipe-line trail, olinda, maui. territory of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 10674 NY 7/16/1927
29 Luzula hawaiiensis e. maui, kula forest reserve, along skyline road, south of puu keokea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood 13702 NY 4/22/2009
30 Luzula hawaiiensis northeast ridge of puu kanekoa, oahu, territory of hawaii Mossy cliffs at summit PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 12698 NY 3/31/1940
31 Luzula hawaiiensis pipe-line trail, olinda, maui. territory of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 17582 NY 7/16/1927
32 Luzula hawaiiensis waimea, kauai PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. mann jr. 171 NY
33 Luzula hawaiiensis east maui, ainahou area of koolau gap in metrosideros wet forest Open, grassy median, periodically mown PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, s. p. perlman & j. lau 6609 NY 8/13/1997
34 Luzula hawaiiensis W. Maui, slopes of Hale Pohaku so SE rim of Olowalu Valley. NAD 83. In dry shrubland on steep slopes. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30604 Maui PTBG 3/11/2006
35 Luzula hawaiiensis Waiakuilani gulch. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 20428 Molokai PTBG 6/7/2007
36 Luzula hawaiiensis W. Maui, Puu Kukui summit. Bogs dominated by Metrosideros-Oreobolus-Rhynchospora adjacent to Metrosideros-Cheirodendron mixed riparian forest w/ undisturbed groundcover of mosses, ferns & herbs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13157 Maui PTBG 7/9/2008
37 Luzula hawaiiensis Along the Kalalau rim trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Shyla Kaninaualii Villanueva SV8 Kauai PTBG 1/3/2019
38 Luzula hawaiiensis Kawaihae, DHHL Survey Supp. Sta. E, Puu Lapalapa. Ohia-olapa wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 10305 Hawaii PTBG 7/18/1989
39 Luzula hawaiiensis Below Kaluahaula Ridge, above Kawaiiiki Valley, below trail about 30 ft. and West of the Diellia erecta fence. Diverse Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 3102 Kauai PTBG 4/13/2012
40 Luzula hawaiiensis End of Camp 10 Road, on plateau above parking area, just before Circle Bog, on ridge down to Waikoale Stream. Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Cheirodendron Wet Montane riparian zone. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Natalia Tangalin 2419 Kauai PTBG 10/8/2010
41 Luzula hawaiiensis Kokee. Kumuwela Rd. Single small clump along side of road. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 649 Kauai PTBG 11/17/1983
42 Luzula hawaiiensis Alakai Swamp Trail, ca. 150 yds. past junction with Pihea Trail. Just below brow of hill. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 812 Kauai PTBG 4/17/1984
43 Luzula hawaiiensis Kohua ridge. N facing slope. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron forest. Closed canopy. Dianella and Ghania in understory. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Clay Trauernicht 458 Kauai PTBG 4/17/2008
44 Luzula hawaiiensis W. Maui, Papalaua gulch, Hanaula area near Ukumehame rim. In Metrosideros - Diospyros forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 18989 Maui PTBG 5/26/2004
45 Luzula hawaiiensis Pelekunu valley, TNC Preserve survey, transect 10, from Pepeopae to Kaunuohua, along Papaala Pali. In Metrosideros polymorpha montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 10410 Molokai PTBG 3/31/1989
46 Luzula hawaiiensis Ainahou area of Koolau Gap, east Maui. In Metrosideros wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6609 Maui PTBG 8/13/1997
47 Luzula hawaiiensis Kalalau Valley; base camp 580 m elev. in back of valley. Elev. 750-800 m. Native cliffs and ridges with level stands of Diverse Mesic and Metrosideros-Diospyros-Dicranopteris Forests. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 1969 Kauai PTBG 6/11/1992
48 Luzula hawaiiensis Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, Makaha Valley. Ca. 1 mile down Makaha Ridge road from Kokio Keo Keo picnic area. Mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 7673 Kauai PTBG 9/4/2013
49 Luzula hawaiiensis Alakai Wilderness Area, along Alakai Swamp Trail approximately 0.25 miles West of Kawaikoi Stream crossing. Dense rain forest with Metrosideros dominant. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence 6358 Kauai PTBG 5/11/1989
50 Luzula hawaiiensis Waianae Mts, Huliwai-Ekahanui Rdg divide, on N side of Rdg nr summit crest, below steep rise to summit crest which runs Puu Kaua to Puu Kanehoa. On east side of peaks. Cloud forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 5242 Oahu PTBG 2/22/1987
51 Luzula hawaiiensis Kohala Mts.; above Honokana nui Stream; east of USGS trail. Metrosideros-Cheirodendron Montane Wet Forest & Metrosideros-Machaerina Montane Bogs. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 4820 Hawaii PTBG 11/29/1995
52 Luzula hawaiiensis About 10 min. along Pihea Trail. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN J. Arakawa s.n. Hawaii PTBG 7/3/1976
53 Luzula hawaiiensis E. Maui, Kula Forest Reserve, along Skyline Road, south of Puu Keokea. Sophora chrysophylla sub-alpine shrub. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 13702 Maui PTBG 4/22/2009
54 Luzula hawaiiensis Puu o Kila Trail, Kokee. About 0.75 miles down trail, 2 feet off side of trail, on the right. Mesic forest. On muddy slope. In full shade. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Seana Walsh SKW70 Kauai PTBG 6/16/2015
55 Luzula hawaiiensis Waimea Canyon State Park. Puu Ka Pele Forest Reserve on western side of Waimea Canyon, just east of Hwy 550. Steep slopes and open grassy areas, with remnants of dry mixed mesophytic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Tim Flynn 2734 Kauai PTBG 2/2/1988
56 Luzula hawaiiensis Waianae mts., Kamaileunu. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 8493 Oahu PTBG 5/31/2000
57 Luzula hawaiiensis volcanoes national park. mauna loa trail. between 7000-8000 ft. markers. Swamp PRESERVED_SPECIMEN thorne, k. 6761 Kauai US 7/28/1989
58 Luzula hawaiiensis East Maui, Ainahou area of Koolau Gap in Metrosideros wet forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Perlman, S. P.; Lau, J. 6609 Maui US 8/13/1997
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